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+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013-2018 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! ## Monty Hall Problem
+//!
+//! This is a simulation of the [Monty Hall Problem][]:
+//!
+//! > Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors:
+//! > Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say
+//! > No. 1, and the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another
+//! > door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, "Do you want to
+//! > pick door No. 2?" Is it to your advantage to switch your choice?
+//!
+//! The rather unintuitive answer is that you will have a 2/3 chance of winning
+//! if you switch and a 1/3 chance of winning if you don't, so it's better to
+//! switch.
+//!
+//! This program will simulate the game show and with large enough simulation
+//! steps it will indeed confirm that it is better to switch.
+//!
+//! [Monty Hall Problem]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem
+
+#![cfg(feature="std")]
+
+
+extern crate rand;
+
+use rand::Rng;
+use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+
+struct SimulationResult {
+    win: bool,
+    switch: bool,
+}
+
+// Run a single simulation of the Monty Hall problem.
+fn simulate<R: Rng>(random_door: &Uniform<u32>, rng: &mut R)
+                    -> SimulationResult {
+    let car = random_door.sample(rng);
+
+    // This is our initial choice
+    let mut choice = random_door.sample(rng);
+
+    // The game host opens a door
+    let open = game_host_open(car, choice, rng);
+
+    // Shall we switch?
+    let switch = rng.gen();
+    if switch {
+        choice = switch_door(choice, open);
+    }
+
+    SimulationResult { win: choice == car, switch }
+}
+
+// Returns the door the game host opens given our choice and knowledge of
+// where the car is. The game host will never open the door with the car.
+fn game_host_open<R: Rng>(car: u32, choice: u32, rng: &mut R) -> u32 {
+    use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+    *free_doors(&[car, choice]).choose(rng).unwrap()
+}
+
+// Returns the door we switch to, given our current choice and
+// the open door. There will only be one valid door.
+fn switch_door(choice: u32, open: u32) -> u32 {
+    free_doors(&[choice, open])[0]
+}
+
+fn free_doors(blocked: &[u32]) -> Vec<u32> {
+    (0..3).filter(|x| !blocked.contains(x)).collect()
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // The estimation will be more accurate with more simulations
+    let num_simulations = 10000;
+
+    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+    let random_door = Uniform::new(0u32, 3);
+
+    let (mut switch_wins, mut switch_losses) = (0, 0);
+    let (mut keep_wins, mut keep_losses) = (0, 0);
+
+    println!("Running {} simulations...", num_simulations);
+    for _ in 0..num_simulations {
+        let result = simulate(&random_door, &mut rng);
+
+        match (result.win, result.switch) {
+            (true, true) => switch_wins += 1,
+            (true, false) => keep_wins += 1,
+            (false, true) => switch_losses += 1,
+            (false, false) => keep_losses += 1,
+        }
+    }
+
+    let total_switches = switch_wins + switch_losses;
+    let total_keeps = keep_wins + keep_losses;
+
+    println!("Switched door {} times with {} wins and {} losses",
+             total_switches, switch_wins, switch_losses);
+
+    println!("Kept our choice {} times with {} wins and {} losses",
+             total_keeps, keep_wins, keep_losses);
+
+    // With a large number of simulations, the values should converge to
+    // 0.667 and 0.333 respectively.
+    println!("Estimated chance to win if we switch: {}",
+             switch_wins as f32 / total_switches as f32);
+    println!("Estimated chance to win if we don't: {}",
+             keep_wins as f32 / total_keeps as f32);
+}